PROSECUTING RAILA:

Hi,the blog-mobile apps. works 'cept for the type setting space which's ltd & / or I'm yet to learn, [ rd: flintstones v. 2nd mill enium AD ]. Thus did the y kill a niece called TOTO at JOCHAM Hosp. MSA b y a tummy-illness that re versed her peristalsis ma king her excreate throug h the mouth b4 she succ umbed cause of ltd resou rces to cover her bills. The secret witch commun ity left her to perish! Ironi cally 'CHAM' means 'CER EALS' in Luo & hence 'JO CHAM' translates to 'CER EAL-PEOPLE' which for customary Luo-farmers w ould then be called 'JODO HO' where they practice s'thing called 'GOLO' as r egards 1st-harvests mean t as/for 'SACRIFICIAL-OF FERING' a.k.a. 'OUTCAST ING' in comparative-cultur es when contextually appl ied to 'black-sheeps' most ly 1st-borns;of which e.g. in my case such doomed outcasts who've ritually u ndergone 'GOLO' can't fe ed on a wide-ranging vari ety of fresh-farm produc e unless they're processe d. They also killed cousin ELKANA JOWI leaving hi m to die at COAST GEN. Hosp. PTO

PROSECUTING RAILA:

Hi all & sundry. I'm lear ning to blog from my mob ile & it feels like arising f rom the flintstone days t echnologically.Otherwise, below are the updates as recorded courtesy of SA FARICOM: Dear Safaricom,pls allow me."The neurotic,sadistic ,psychic cannibal vampire GLBT witches & physiolo gy-experts are seemingly planning deep-illness or s udden-death or both as t he year closes. It seems t hey're moving notches hi gher with their peristalsis-triggering homosexual-sel ective-diet of 'nyoyo' pre pared with unpeeled & un dried fresh-maize for the 1spoonful I took yesterda y morn. resulted in painfu l,aching rumbles on-&-off during the day & into the night finally giving-in to t he built-up compressions & I scrap-excreated ever ything in the morn. after breakfast midway btw gy m & studying. The notch-higher pain-ache rumbles ressemble s'one ailling of an ill-appendix-pain whos e echoes I can feel still r eceeding now on the left-side as I lie in bed. Reme mber they killed niece-TO TO, PTO

TESTING MOBILE APP 1 2 3

Prosecuting Raila : Ex-Treason Convict and Serial Ritual Psychopath Murderer.

             Hi all and sundry. Testing 1,  2,  3. This is cause The GoK has embarked again on intermittent power blackout interruptions curtailing my typing and publishing like last time when they deleted my work as I’m now on the last phase of this discourse to lay bare the reality, the truth of the evolution of life  and its species vis-a-vis the pathological, mythological, mystified, superstitious, fallacious religious beliefs so as to free the pathetic, lost sheep of their  blind-faith chains of such religious beliefs.

                Otherwise, I’ve been forced by circumstances to change the over sewn tattered clothing shirts with two others albeit animistic ones at the risk of IKUNU-KIAMBU RUDIMENTARY DEAF-DUMB NON-SOUND- LOGIC BODY-LANGUAGE LEWD-INTERPRETATIONS including : a yellow long-sleeved shirt representing animistic loo-loose morals Judy-the-bat which was involved in the BELL’S-PUB RESORT-AREA ATTACK; and a white-and-blue stripped long-sleeved shirt representing the prisoners attire; leaving out an ORANGE SHORT-SLEEVED SHIRT labelled ‘FRIENDS-and-REBELS’ at the collar representing Raila’s ODM’S-NASA unconstitutional endeavours which has been dismissed by the civilized world.  Later  logistics.

Prosecuting Raila : Ex-Treason Convict andSerial RitualPsychopath Murderer.

           Hi. Another controversial example of strong continuous changing, complex, evolutionary-pressure-condition exerting a force stimulating certain aspects of the evolution of a natural-population of organism-species through the mutation of certain genes to generate new genetic-information-material / alleles  for purposes of  clearing genetic-anatomic-constraints that inhibit or bar the path to the effectiveness of natural-selection of optimized, cutting-edge, upgraded, better-suited, genetically-expressed  phenotype-traits of beneficial-alleles that provide the organism-species with selective, reproductive, survival-fitness performance-adaptive-values enabling them to settle down in competition-struggle survival-for-the-fittest and successfully thrive into the next descending generation is the EMERGENCE OF THE GRADUAL-INCREASED-IMPORTANCE OF COLOR-VISION IN HUMANS rather than the SENSE-OF-SMELL or OLFACTION essential for other animals in AVOIDING-PREDATORS and/or PURSUING-HUNTING PREY; and which arose in the first place due to the significant anatomical-evolution of BIPEDALISM and its ERECT-POSTURE as the BASIC-ADAPTATION-of-THE-HOMININ LINEAGE given the reason that it used less energy than QUADRUPEDAL-KNUCKLE-WALKING as an adaptation to TERRESTRIAL-LIVING in the new ‘GRASSLAND-TYPE-ENVIRONMENT’ RATHER THAN THE PREVIOUS ‘ARBOREAL-FOREST-TYPE’, i.e. besides the selective, reproductive, survival-fitness performance-adaptive-value it facilitates of ENHANCING-THE-FIELD-of-VISION.

           In other words, the evolution of bipedalism as the basic adaptation of the hominin lineage anatomically has been accompanied by a large number of skeletal-adaptive-evolutions as partly described in preceding blogs above in relation to the adopted erect-posture basing physiological-and-behavioral adaptations / changes that followed suit since the splitting-branching and diverging  between the last-common-shared-ancestor of humans-and-chimps common/shared in all bipedal-hominins including the increased importance / reliance on vision rather than smell due to  accumulation of gene-loss inactivation-mutation duplications of the OLFACTORY-RECEPTOR-GENE-FAMILY- genes turning a whopping 60%-fraction into PSEUDO-GENES and thus rendering this sense-of-smell or olfaction in humans to become vestigial though the corresponding homologous physiological-behavior of olfaction functions normally in other species indicating GENETIC-MEMORY-in-MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY-INHERITANCE and COMMON-DESCENT-TRAIT-INHERITANCE, i.e. from a SHARED-ORIGIN / COMMON-ANCESTOR; except for the clade of ‘NIGHT-RUNNING NAKED-WITCHES’ anatomically-modern-human Homo sapiens sapiens species who still retrain this ability for a STRONGER MORE-ACUTE SENSE-of-SMELL / OLFACTION; though it’s kinda FACULTATIVE since they use  or switch-it on at night when they come out to play [ called TUGO in Luo ] and it can as well be transmitted to new-comer unsuspecting spouses through established cultural-transmission-models and thus as a LEARNED-BEHAVIOR it is ACQUIRED through descending-generations in secret………….and as such it significantly contributes to taxonomic-diversity / species-internal-variation within the Homo sapiens species!

              The time the hominin-lineage was taking-in BIPEDALISM as its BASIC-ADAPTATION is the same time them KNUCKLE-WALKERS including gorillas-and-chimps split, branched, diverged, separated and isolated from the last-common-shared-ancestor with us hominins of the genus-Homo between 13-and-7m.y.a and 7-and-4.8m.y.a respectively and effectively resulting into between 80-and-86 genes getting lost in the human-lineage [ through accumulation of gene-loss inactivation-mutation duplications which’s part of the evolutionary-adaptive mechanisms that render a gene to be naturally selected-against should it’s function be substituted-for in a specific way, ] during our recent uniform-evolution as anatomically-modern-human Homo sapiens sapiens species natural-population of organism-species explaining our 99.9% genetic-homogeneity and thus contributing largely to the observable/measurable/ testable  DISTINCT PHENOTYPE-TRAIT VARIATION/DIFFERENCE of CRUDE-OLFACTION / SENSE-of-SMELL between humans-and-chimps plus other animals at large primarily as a result of small groups of  EARLY-BIPEDAL-APES a.k.a. PROTO-HUMANS moving into the new ‘grassland-type of habitat-environment’ as an adaptation-to-terrestrial-living……….to subsequently develop the new adaptive-evolutionary HERITABLE phenotype-trait of COLOR-VISION vis-à-vis a CRUDE SENSE-of-SMELL / OLFACTION as they adjusted to the new, complex, changed, habitat-environment evolutionary-pressure-condition even as genetic-nature-potential interacted with environmental-nurture-potential outta the struggle-competition survival-for-the-fittest necessities for phenotype-traits that provide an organism-species with selective, reproductive, survival-fitness performance-adaptive-values enabling them to EVOLVE INTO NEW-FORMS BETTER-SUITED to settle-down and thrive-successfully as one ancestral-hominid-fossil-species descended into the next-generation circumnavigating extinction!

           Thirty-six of the between 80-and-86 lost-genes belonged to the OLFACTORY-RECEPTOR-GENE-FAMILY of which more than 60% [ 22] OF THESE 36-O.R.G.F. genes are NON-FUNCTIONAL PSEUDOGENES in the HUMAN-GENOME defined as inactive copies of protein-coding DNA-genes OFTEN GENERATED BY GENE-DUPLICATIONS THAT HAVE BECOME NON-FUNCTIONAL through the accumulation of gene-loss inactivation mutations which in other words is equivalent to LOOSING-GENES. This infers that anatomically-modern-humans have undergone a whopping 60% extraordinary loss of O.R.G.F. genes [ 22 ] during our recent uniform evolution as a natural-population of organism-species which genetically explains our relatively LESS-ACUTE SENSE-of-OLFACTION / SMELL comparatively to most other animals or non-human-hominid-primates at least; a fact supported by evolutionary-evidence which indicates that the EMERGENCE –f COLOR-VISION in HUMANS diminished the need for the MORE-ACUTE SENSE-of-OLFACTION / SMELL which was a genetic adaptive-evolution CONSTRAINT to the now BIPEDAL HUMAN-HOMINID, inhibiting or barring the path to the effectiveness of NATURAL-SELECTION of the better-suited, optimized, upgraded, cutting-edge, distinct phenotype-trait of COLOR-VISION. Period!

            Now, here’s the PARADOX. Remember the British folk-tale ‘ JACK-and-THE-BEANSTALK?’; where some mysterious bean stalks its growth all the way up to the skies or the heavens if you like …….and have one JACK climb it all the way whenst on reaching the heavens he comes across a giant’s-palace whose treasure is a goose that lays golden-eggs worth fortunes back on planet-earth / animal-kingdom and before JACK satisfy’s his eyes with the wonders of the giant’s land up above, the double-Goliath in size giant-prototype comes knocking and his merciful wife hides minuscule JACK in one of the kitchen cupboards but to no avail cause the giant still gets to CATCH-WHIFFS of THE STRANGE HUMAN’s-SMELL across the room and much as he queries his wife, she doesn’t tell and instead finds / creates excuses and saves the poor minuscule, human’s life. It’s of course the MORE-ACUTE SENSE-of-OLFACTION / SMELL of the giant that SNIFFS-OUT the MINUSCULE HUMAN DEEP FROM behind its hiding place in the kitchen cupboard majorly cause of the ‘SPECIES-SPECIFIC’ HUMAN-BLOOD PUMPING through its veins carried in the wind through diffusion and largely as well due to the ‘SPECIES-SPECIFIC’ BIOCHEMICAL-and-BIO-ELECTRICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS-FUNCTIONS emanating from its ORIFICES.

          Now, the PARADOX is the supposed VESTIGIAL MORE-ACUTE and STRONGER SENSE-of-OLFACTION / SMELL apparent in the giant above is STILL EXTANT-and-ALIVE in some members of the Homo-genus extant anatomically-modern-human Homo-sapiens-sapiens species which may be explained by ‘species-internal-variation / taxonomic-diversity’ and / or ‘ARCHAIC-ADMIXTURES / DERIVED-TRAITS’  or both; e.g. The FORE-CANNIBAL TRIBES PEOPLE of PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA who are on record for running down a mortuary when their NOSTRILS-and-TASTE BUDS couldn’t hold the yearning anymore for their customary human-flesh meat-feast; and proceeding forth to feast on the corpses raw without bothering for fire. Now one can jus’ imagine how STRONG and MORE-ACUTE their SENSE-of-OLAFACTION / SMELL is….to be capable of smelling the DEEP FROZEN UNDECOMPOSING CORPSES in the morgue.

               And then we got the customary   ‘NIGHT-RUNNING NAKED-WITCHES’ called ‘JOJUOGI PITI-PATA’ in  Luo to mimic the sound of running feet in the deep silence of the night. They are known to posses supernatural powers such that they psychically will put-off a torch’s-bulb and render its batteries powerless immediately should they be confronted by an ordinary human being who with a torch may want to switch and zoom it on them ;and even if they be armed by say a machete, the naked night-runner would still psychically usurp their physical-energies such that they wouldn’t have an ounce-of-energy to even lift the weapon to their enemy finding their arms dropping to their sides instead in sudden fatigue! Now, here’s the catch. The known and established antidote for trapping-and-catching such a terrifying naked night-runner is to eat cold-foods the whole day from morn.  to  night so as to stop the bio-electrical-and-biochemical physiological process-functions of the body from being diffused into the wind / air through the pumping blood via the body’s orifices which in turn will effectively cut-short any chances of being SNIFFED-or-SMELLED by the MORE-ACUTE and STRONGER SENSE-of-SMELL or OLFACTION of the JAJUOG PITI-PATA. Their RUNNING NAKED at NIGHT is inherently neurotic jus’ like the FORE TRIBE’s CANNIBALISM. Period. Thus, the apparently vestigial MORE-ACUTE and STRONGER SENSE-of-OLFACTION or SMELL in extant anatomically-modern-human Homo sapien sapiens species is still RETAINED by some members of our extant anatomically-modern-human Homo sapiens sapiens species to the same homologous corresponding degree / level / notch in other non-human-hominid-primates and animals in general at large; a phenomenon denoting  genetic-memory in molecular-biology-inheritance and common-descent trait-inheritance as far as ARCHAIC-ADMIXTURES and DERIVED-TRAITS go respectively as concerns our animal  heritage. Period; based on evolution by natural-selection through adaptive radiation from a primordial /primeval common-ancestor / shared-origins.

              So let us face the stark-naked truth of our animal-heritage, embrace the reality and create a WORLD-HUMAN-EVOLUTION DAY to be celebrated say on a specific day of a particular month. And well, it’s a high time men-of-the-cloth came out to register with their respective revenue-authorities for tax-returns of the religious bodies / institutions they run and stopped hiding behind the cloaks of mystified, mythological, superstitious, fallacious religions’ dooms’-days’ evolutionarily recognized as extinction events. Later, logistics.

Prosecuting Raila : Ex-Treason Convict and Serial Ritual Psychopath Murderer.

                   Hi...........The hominid ILIAC-BLADE / PELVIS-BONE fossil-record-evidence indicates a trend towards a shorter-and-wider iliac-blade resulting in a shorter-but-broad bowl-like pelvis, a prerequisite for keeping the center-of-gravity stable while walking; with a drawback of their birth-canals becoming increasingly smaller than of their quadrupedal-ancestors / cousins, though it widened comparatively to .........from Australopithecines to Primitive / Archaic / Early-modern-man permitting the passage of newborns due to encephalization ; though the vaginal-widening is limited to the upper-portion since further widening would hinder normal bipedal-movement. This effectively means early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species including Salenthropus tchadensis,Orrorin tugenensis and Ardipithecus ramidus / kaddaba species had birth-canal sizes same as quadrupedals like chimps, gorillas and orang-utans due to the long-iliac-blades and narrow-pelvises.

                  The becoming smaller of the birth-canal due to the shortening pelvis stimulated / enforced by a shortening-and-widening iliac-blade became an obstacle when encephalization begun in early humans which consequently prompted a shorter-gestation-period to accommodate / sustain or facilitate the passage of new-borns before the increase in prenatal   cranial size-and-volume became too much for the birth-canal to bear / sustain to pass-or-fit through; and the reason anatomically-modern-humans give birth to premature offspring unable to walk much before 12-months and got greater neoteny  compared to other primates motile at a much earlier age; which in turn effectively translated to mean  an increased-dependency of offspring on their mothers to close-the-gap on the completion of the increase post-natal-brain-growth-pattern in size-and-volume allowing for extended-periods of social-learning and language-acquisition in juvenile-humans; a phenomenon which in human-evolution had a big-effect upon the female-reproductive-cycle causing the evolutionary-adaptive-behavior of a more frequent appearance of monogamous-relationships in humans comparatively to other great-apes more deceitful and promiscuous as far as parental-investment goes due to the prolonged-infancy of offspring.

                   The anatomical/morphological and developmental-changes in the birth-canal becoming smaller due to the shortening-broadening bowl-like pelvis stimulated by evolutionary-pressure-conditions exerting forces shortening-and-widening the iliac-blade from its long-and-narrow length due to early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species ADAPTATION –OF-BIPEDALISM to keep the center-of-gravity stable while walking, a phenomenon characterizing human-evolution, in turn resulted in the adoption of delayed-human-sexual-maturity to allow for the optimization of maximum pelvis-bone and birth-canal sizes; a phenomenon which in turn again also led to the evolution-of-menopause; meaning once they begin giving birth / siring new-borns , the birth-canal and pelvis-bone stop growth- and-development stagnating at that size!

                     Now here’s the catch. The Turkana as televised in a documentary-broadcast not long ago still got some of their women-folk preferably give birth-at-home where according to custom-and-tradition, they’re captured revealing that such home-births OCCUR THROUGH-THE-REAR in a BOWED-POSITION/POSTURE, much like an ordinary animal anywhere on all-fours would ; whereby the newly born is supposed to kinda ‘DROP-WITH-a-THUD’ on ITS-BELLY mimicking the crawling-position on all-four-limbs. The logic is that jus’ like going for a long-call in a SQUATTING-POSITION facilitates the effectiveness-and-intensity of  EX CREATING-STOOLS / FECAL-MATTER, so does GIVING-BIRTH IN A SQUATTING-LIKE / BOWED-POSTURE INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS-and-INTENSITY of the processes of LABOR-and-GIVING BIRTH compounded by INTERNAL-VARIATIONS of the PELVIC-REGION-SIZES in anatomically-modern-humans Homo sapiens sapiens forcing some women to face the knife unnecessarily in CAESAREAN-OPERATIONS. The reason is that in a squatted-or-bowed position, that’s when the FEMUR/thigh-bone fits into its adaptively-evolved slightly more ANGULAR-POSITION to move the Center-of-Gravity into DIRECT-ALIGNMENT with the Geometric-Center-of-The Body which greatly reduces the MECHANICAL-and-PHYSICAL STRESSES associated with GIVING-BIRTH therefore optimizing the intensity-and-effectiveness of PASSAGE-of-NEWBORNS through the BIRTH-CANAL constrained by internal-variations of the pelvic-region in Homo sapiens sapiens. This is cause the fetal-head is naturally always in a transverse-position compared to the mother during entry into the birth-canal whereby it rotates about 90-degrees to face the mother upon exit ; which means that if the mother is in a squatted / bowed posture, rotating at about 90-degrees after entry into the birth-canal will leave the baby facing the opposite direction of the mother rendering both in a ‘ back-to-back’ positions requiring the baby to then customarily traditionally ‘land-on-its-belly’ on all-fours resembling the crawling-position.............The length-and-breadth of the point is the morphology of anatomically-modern-humans is naturally-adapted to give-birth through the REAR /  SQUATTING / BOWED-POSITIONS like the rest of the animal-planet-kingdom; and that the ‘frontal-legs-spread-wide-apart’ in a SITTING-POSITION is not only cumbersome but UNNATURAL-ALTOGETHER and is merely an innovated, adopted-posture; going by the self-evident / speaking evidence of THE MECHANICAL-and-PHYSICAL STRESSES involved! Thus Man should face the reality, embrace our animal-heritage and accommodate it in medical-procedures in standard-labor-practices in hospitals worldwide and celebrate nature-and-evolution. Period .  Later, logistics.

Prosecuting Raila : Ex-Treason Convict and Serial Ritual Psychopath Murderer,

            Well, strong continuous complex changing evolutionary pressure conditions exert forces stimulating certain aspects of the evolution of a natural population of organism species  through either the accumulation of gene-loss- generated by inactivation- mutation duplications that have become non-functional pseudo genes a.k.a. inactive-copies of protein-coding genes; and/or through DNA segmental-duplications to generate new-alleles / genetic-information material in the process of MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY –EVOLUTION which contextually create new-primate-genes contributing to the shaping of human-genetic-variation / diversity which in-turn clear genetic / anatomic-constraints that bar or inhibit the path to the effectiveness of natural-selection and thus turning into a mechanism that increases the intensity-and-effectiveness of phenotype-traits  rather that create more phenotype-trait variation……..by effectively selecting the optimum, upgraded, better-suited distinct-expression of beneficial-alleles’ phenotype-traits that provide selective, reproductive, survival-fitness performance / adaptive-values to the organism-species.

        Hence, strong continuous, complex, changing evolutionary-pressure-conditions exert forces stimulating certain aspects of the evolution of an organism-species population through the accumulation of gene-loss-inactivation-mutation duplications to clear genetic / anatomic-constraints that bar / inhibit the path to the effectiveness of natural-selection by  enhancing-selection through pressurizing cell-and-organisms to evolve by increasing the cutting-edge intensity-and-effectiveness of heritable phenotype-traits of beneficial-alleles rather than create new phenotypic-trait variation, like in , e.g. early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species’ continuous, complex, changing evolutionary-pressure-conditions to increase their mental-capacity / intelligence for COGNITION  to technologically-adapt the creation-and-use of advanced, elaborate food-processing technology-tools to simplify-and-make efficient hunting-and-processing of energy-rich  meat-and-plant food-products subsequently led to the hominid-dentition fossil-record-evidence trend of smaller-molars and tooth-sizes increasingly in the genus-Homo as one ancestral-hominid-fossil-species descended into the next-generation; concurrently with skull-expansion / encephalization facilitated by the accumulation of gene-loss inactivation-mutation duplications of the SARCOMERIC-MYOSIN-GENE a.k.a. MYH16-gene which in turn stimulated  developmental-changes in the morphology of SMALLER-MASTICATORY-MUSCLES and MUSCLE-ATTACHMENT to the SKULL into allowing more room for ENCEPHALIZATION, i.e. the continued expansion, increase in volume and the development of a LARGER-BRAIN-SIZE gradually, successively over time to the modern-form between 959-1800cc with a mean of 1330cc.

              Thus, the hominid-dentition fossil-record-evidence indicates that a DOMINANT-GENE for BIGGER,LARGER MASTICATORY/MANDIBLE-MUSCLES, i.e. the SARCOMERIC-MYOSIN-GENE a.k.a. MYH16-gene  was lost in the human-lineage due to accumulation of gene-loss inactivation-mutation duplications generating inactive-copies of its protein-coding DNA leading to the morphology of SMALLER-MASTICATORY-MUSCLES which acted as a CHANGED,STRONG,COMPLEX EVOLUTIONARY-PRESSURE-CONDITION ending-up in turn exerting a force  that stimulated the aspect of the evolution of the human-skull, cranium, brain-size and volume of the natural-population of the early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species lineage and therefore resulting in the period that followed to be  marked by a strong-increase in CRANIAL-CAPACITY, i.e. ENCEPHALIZATION through as well the SEGMENTAL-DUPLICATION of SRGAP2-gene which produced a more rapid wiring of the human FRONTAL-CORTEX  indicating that the MYH16-gene 2base-pair-deletion  gene-loss inactivation-mutation duplication removed thus the genetic-anatomic-constraint on brain-size and volume in the genus-Homos’ early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species lineage.

              Hence was encephalization directly tied to the  invention of the technological ‘DEVELOPMENT-of-ELABORATION’ of stone-tools including cutters, choppers, hunting/fishing-and-gathering tools; as well as tied to the subsequent increasing emphasis of meat in the diet…………all interpreted as signs-of-intelligence, a phenomenon  which in turn in itself again stimulated certain aspects of the evolution of the human-brain through SEGMENTAL-DUPLICATION of the SRGAP2-gene which produced a more rapid-wiring of the frontal-cortex equivalent to a rate of each descending-generation having acquired an additional 125000 neurons more than their parents in the FRONTAL-CORTEX! This was the time of transition of the Homo habillis brain, an early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species member of the genus Homo who evolved around 2.3m.y.a. and for whom there’s positive-evidence for the use of stone-tools and development of the OLDOWAN-LITHIC-TECHNOLOGY named after OLDUVAI-GORGE in TANZANIA. Homo habillis brain were more or less the same size as the brains of chimpanzees at approximately 400cc which then during the next million years underwent a process of evolution of the skull, cranial-capacity, brain-size and volume such that by the time of the arrival of the Homo erectus species in the fossil-record between 1.8-and-1.3m.y.a. [ at least as early as 1.85m.y.a. for Homo erectus georgicus of The Dmanisi-Skulls Georgia ] cranial-capacity had doubled to  850cc from an average of 400cc catapulting them to be the first  hominine to use FIRE-and-COMPLEX TOOLS; a feat which clearly indicates that  INTELLIGENCE increased as a response to increased-necessity for COGNITION, i.e. to solve important social-problems of survival-and-reproduction as human-society became more and more complex, civilized and advanced from pre-historic / pre-industrial to historic / industrial.

                    Thus is COGNITION, the set of all mental-faculties / processes composed of a FUNCTIONAL-STRUCTURE, THE-BRAIN who’s PHYSIOLOGICAL-FUNCTIONS carries-out the operations of these set of mental processes and just like other organs and the immune-system, the brain is ENCODED / DETERMINED by genes meaning it evolved by natural-selection and was thus acquired by gradation as has been showcased above in transitional-series from early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species a.k.a.  proto-humans including either Sahelanthropus tchadensis or Orrorin tugenensis or Ardipithecus ramidus / kaddaba  through to them Australopithecines to Homo habillis to Homo erectus to  primitive / archaic / early-modern-man to the Neanderthal-and-Denisovan hominins to anatomically-modern-humans; whereby in turn this ENCEPHALIZATION of the human-brain underpinned humanity’s technological-adaptations, his moral-sensibilities and pre-adaptation of speech [ i.e. language and literacy of which the world’s-languages diversity totals a number of 7000 languages so far ] following on rudimentary speech.

                   Thus, this is the summary of the MYH16-gene and SRGAP2-gene evolutionary-pressure-conditions that removed the genetic / anatomic-constraints inhibiting the path to the brains ENCEPHALIZATION. I’m next going to tackle the controversial OLFACTORY-RECEPTOR-GENE-FAMILY vis-à-vis COLOR-VISION though I will fast go through THE ADAPTATION OF BIPEDALISM as humanity’s basic defining ADAPTATION which stimulated an interesting suit of skeletal-changes necessitating the above developments and the controversies there-in as well as regards compelling evidence.